Construction
                Many 
                  construction activities are harmful to trees by causing soil 
                  compaction and mechanical damage. Advanced planning can protect 
                  your trees without limiting a project. Limiting stress prior 
                  to construction is much easier than trying to alleviate damage. 
                  In other words, prevention is the best treatment.
                Construction 
                  damage can:
                
                  - Decrease 
                    water filtration causing water stress
- Reduce 
                    oxygen levels in soil killing roots
- Make 
                    a tree vulnerable to other insect/disease and abiotic stresses
- Take 
                    2-5 years before symptoms appear

                Trees 
                  in decline due to construction damage
                Basic 
                  strategies to limit damage to trees include: 
                
                  - Avoid 
                    storing materials and machinery directly under trees
- Encourage 
                    the use of a single path for heavy machines
- Use 
                    mulch to limit compaction
- Water 
                    trees frequently

                Tree 
                  preservation starts before construction